LOADING...

加载过慢请开启缓存(浏览器默认开启)

loading

(千课)非谓语动词、虚拟语气、情态动词

2022/12/26 英语

谓语动词:be doing

==三种形式:to do大太监、动名词doing / 现在分词doing无be动词,二太监、done三太监[没有助动词]==

非谓语动词的前世今生:因为一个句子中有一个谓语动词皇上,==在不加帽帽的情况下(从句)==,若再出现一个动词,就是非谓语动词(太监):to do、doing、done

动名词&现在分词
动名词,指的是动词ing形式的一种,兼有**动词和名词特征的非限定动词,在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能在句中充当主语,宾语,表语和定语**,可以支配宾语,也可以被副词修饰,有时态和语态的变化。

现在分词,又称-ing形式或现在进行时是分词的一种,兼具**动词和形容词特征的非限定动词,在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能在句中充当定语,表语,补语和状语**,有时态和语态的变化。

==to do特指ing泛指==

出去逛街是我的安排
go to shop is my arrangment

非谓语动词之to do不定式 ①

==一句一谓,两句一连,无连带帽==

若居中没有明显的表示时间先后顺序的词,用动名词的一般式

找谓语和非谓语的前后关系以及主被动关系

  1. 作主语
    To do + 谓语动词 + 宾语/To do + 系动词 + 表语
    It is + adj. + for(指事情) sb to do sth
    It is + adj. + of(人的品质) sb to do sth
    It is very kind (of) Nancy to bring me lunch.
    It is very difficult (for) you to study English well.

  2. 作表语
    主语 + 系动词 + to do
    My job is to improve your English

  3. 作宾语
    主语 + 谓语 + to do
    ==三个希望两答应: hope、wish、want、agree、promise
    两个要求莫拒绝: demand、ask、refuse
    设法学会做决定: manage、learn、decide
    不要假装在选择: pretend、choose
    开始后悔和讨厌:begin/start、regret、hate
    忘记、停止继续试:forget、remember、stop、go on、try==

    主语 + 谓语动词 + it + 补语 + to do…
    I find it difficult to study English.
    She finds it hard to find(find) a job that she likes.
    她发现找一个心仪的工作很难。

  4. 作补足语 —— 宾语补足语
    主语 + 谓语动词(vt) + 宾语 + to do
    I teach you to practice English
    ==ask(请)、tell(关照)、teach (教)、want(想要)、get (让)、invite(邀请)、warn(警告)、
    help(帮助)、advise(建议)、allow(允许)、encourage(鼓励)、find(发现)、force(促使)、persuade(说服)等==
    ==使役动词如:have/make(使得),let(让);感官动词如:hear、see、feel、watch等后作宾语补足语的不定式省略to==
    但在其被动式后作主语补足语时,要加上to
    be + V过去分词 + to do

    作补足语 —— 主语补足语
    I won’t be made to change my mind by nothing.
    宾语补足语部分中的动词变为被动语态时,宾语变为主语,宾语补足语变成主语补足语

  5. 作定语
    定语就是来修饰名词或代词
    We have made a plan to learn from him.
    我们制定了一个向他学习的计划
    不定式中动词是vi,且与修饰词成动宾关系时,需要添加相应的介词
    We are looking for a house to live in 我们正在找一所房子住

  6. 作状语
    不定式作状语可以表示行为的目的、结果、原因
    ①表目的:I get up early to memorize the words. 我早起是为了去记单词
    ②表结果:too…to do…(太…而不能够);only to do…(表示与原来目的或愿望相反的结果)
    The dream is too beautiful to stop 这梦太美了,我停不下来。
    We work only to enrich others. 我们工作只是为了让别人更富有。
    ③表原因:常放在动词或表示感受的形容词、过去分词后面,不定式的动作先于谓语动词的动作
    I’m very happy to see you. 见到你,我很高兴。

只能接不定式作宾语的动词(to do 一般是没发生的事)

==decide to do sth.决定做某事
can’t wait to do sth.迫不及待地要做某事
want/would like to do sth.想做某事
agree to do sth.同意做某事
plan to do sth.计划做某事
need to do sth.需要做某事
make up one’s mind to do sth 下决心做某事
used to do sth.过去常常做某事
fail to do sth.未能做某事
afford to do sth.能做==


==advise sb to do sth 建议某人干某事 allow sb to do sth允许某人干某事
ask sb to do sth 叫某人干某事 cause sb to do sth引起某人做某事
expect sb to do sth 期待某人做某事 force sb to sth强迫某人做某事
encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某 get sb to do sth 让某人做某事
hate sb to do sth讨厌某人做某事 promise sb to do sth 承诺某人做某事
invite sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事 permit sb to do sth允许某人做某事
order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事 persuade sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
wish sb to do sth希望某人做某事 request sb to do sth 要求某人做某事
warn sb to do sth 警告某人做某事 remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事==

直接跟在谓语动词之后的
advise sb to do sth(宾语补足语)
advise doing sth(直接跟在动词后面)

非谓语动词之to do不定式 ②

现在 过去 将来
一般式 一般现在时态(do、does) 一般过去时(did) 一般将来时(will do)
  1. ==to do不定式的一般式==
    to do: 所表示的动作主要谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或发生在主要谓语之后
    She told him to take all his things and not to return. 她叫他带上他的所有东西离开,别再回来。
  2. ==to do不定式的进行式==
    to be doing:正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作
    they seem to be getting along quite well.
  3. ==to do 不定式的完成时==
    to have done:所表示的动作发生在主要谓语动词或特定的时间之前
    She seemed to have heard about this matter. 她好像已听说过这件事

==to be done(含有将要被的意思)==
Do you know the man to be questioned? 你认识要审问的人吗?
The building to be bulit is our library. 将要建的大楼是我们的图书馆.

==to have been done(含有已经被的意思)==
This book is said to have been finished last years. 据说这本书是去年完成的

主动语态 被动语态
形式 时间概念 形式 时间概念
to do(一般时) 未发生、和谓语动作同时[可同时] to be done 同左
to be doing(进行时) 谓语动作发生时,正在进行[有先后]
to have done(完成时) 发生在谓语动作之前 to have been done 同左

非谓语动词之动名词doing

  1. 作主语
    doing + 谓语动词 + 宾语/doing + 系动词 + 表语
    动名词如果作主语,谓语动词用单数形式
    doing + vt + 宾语 + does + 宾语
    doing + vi +prep + 宾语 + is + 表语

  2. 作宾语
    动词 + 宾语 + doing
    ==承认冒险别继续: admit, risk, keep
    理解原谅和感激: understand, excuse, appreciate
    推迟享受并练习: delay, enjoy, practice
    完成想象有建议: finish, imagine, suggest, aavIse
    避免错过别延期: avoid, escape, miss, put off
    考虑宽恕不介意: consider, forgive, mind
    允许抵制或放弃: allow, permit, resist, stand, give
    开始后悔和讨厌:begin/start、regret、hate
    忘记、停止继续试:forget、remember、stop、go on、try==

    • begin/start doing sth 事情已经开始做了
      begin/start to do sth 即将要准备开始去做某事
    • regret doing sth 后悔做过某事(动作已发生)
      regret to do sth 对即将要做的事表示遗憾(动作未发生)
    • forget/remember doing sth 记得/忘记做过某事(动作已发生)
      forget/remember to do sth 记得/忘记要做某事(动作未发生)
    • try doing sth 试着做某事
      try to do sth 设法做某事
    • need doing sth (某事)需要被做,主语是物,动名词主动表被动
      need to do sth (某人)需要做某事(主语是人)
    • can’t help doing sth 禁不住做某事
      can‘t help to do sth 不能帮助做某事
    • require doing 强调的是需要…
      require to be done 强调的是动作,后面一般接by sb,强调的是人去做。
    • stop to do 停下来去做某事
      stop doing 停止正在做的事
    • be used to do sth. 被用来做某事
      be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事,适应做某事

    介词 + 宾语 + doing
    of/for/in/on/with/without/after…
    After finishing the exam, she felt relieved.
    考完试后,她感到如释重负
    She left without telling us.
    她没有告诉我们就走了

    短语后加doing
    ==pay attention to(注意) object to(反对)
    devote oneself to(致力于) succeed in(成功地做…)
    be/get used to(习惯于) look forward to(盼望)==

  3. 作定语
    动名词可在修饰词前面作定语,表示所修饰的人或物的性能或用途
    a dining room 餐厅 a drawing board 画板
    时态:一般式和完成式
    表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时发生,也可以是在它之后发生
    I remember taking to you before. 我记得我以前跟你说过话
    动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前
    I don’t know his having been to Paris. 我不知道他去过巴黎

​ 被动语态:当动名词的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时

一般时态 完成时态
被动 be done have been done

being donehaving been done
Respecting others means being respected in ourselves.
尊重别人意味着我们自己也受到尊重
Jackson feels sad about having been rejected

① 动词+doing
==enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 miss doing sth.错过做某事
人+spend…doing sth.花费…做某事 suggest doing sth.建议做某事
be busy doing sth.忙于做某事 mind doing sth.介意做某事
imagine sb. doing sth.想象…做某事 be worth doing sth值得做某事
can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某 consider doing sth.考虑做某事
feel like doing sth.想要做某事 **practice doing sth.**练习做某事
finish doing sth.完成做某事 keep (on) doing sth.继续做某事==

② 介词+doing 介词后面+名词/名词性短语 用动词就要动名词格式

常考介词有at, in, on, of, off, for, from, up, about, without, to 等等。
==be good at doing sth.擅长 put off doing sth.推迟
be interested in doing sth.对感兴趣 insist on doing sth.坚持
be used for doing sth.被用来做 thank sb. for doing sth.谢谢
be tired of doing sth.厌烦 be afraid of doing sth.害怕
stop sb. from doing sth.阻止某人 give up doing sth.放弃做
without doing sth.没有做 think about doing sth.考虑
What/ How about doing sth.做某事怎么样?
have difficulty in doing sth.做某事有困难==

此时to为介词 (介词to + doing) 介词后+名词/动名词
==look forward to doing sth.盼望 pay attention to doing sth.关注
be used to doing sth.习惯 devote to doing sth.致力于
make a contribution to doing sth.贡献
prefer doing sth to doing sth.更喜欢…而不是…==

be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事
be/get used to do sth 被用来做某事
used to do sth 过去常常做某事


非谓语动词之分词

  1. 作表语
    主语 + 系动词 + 分词
    I am singing
    My assignment is finished
    doing 现在分词 → 令人…的[物]
    done 过去分词 → 感到…的[人]
令人…的 …的
interesting 使…感兴趣 interested
tiring 疲劳,厌倦 tired
boring 使烦忧 bored
touching 触动 touched
disappointing 失望 disappointed
surprising 惊奇 surprised
annoying 恼怒 annoyed
confusing 困惑 confused
astonishing 惊讶 astonished
  1. 作状语(伴随、时间、原因、条件、结果等)
    现在分词表示主语正在进行的另一动作,对谓语的主要动作加以修饰或陪衬,与句子主语是主动关系
    Hearing the good news, she jumped out of bed. 一听到好消息,她跳下了床。
    非谓语表示谓语动作发生的背景或情况,与句子主语是被动关系
    Hit by the car, she was sent to hospital immediately.
  2. 作定语 修饰名词和代词
    This is an interesting show. 这个节目很有趣
    The book mentions something interesting.[不定代词用后置定语]
  3. 作宾语补足语
    跟在感官动词,如:see,hear,watch,notice,observe,look at,listen to等后用doing done
    跟在catch,discover,find,get,have,keep等词后,指动作的一部分或动作正在进行doing
    跟在使役动词have,get,make,leave,keep等后,指使某事done
与宾语的关系 时态
现在分词 主动 正在进行
过去分词 被动 已经完成

l saw him playing games.我看见他在玩游戏。
l caught him stealing the car.我撞到他正在偷车。
l noticed his bike repaired.我注意到他的自行车修好了。
They get everything done in the morning.他们早上就把所有事都干完了。

首先找动词,再找主语主动or被动,最后再确定时态

done被动不强调V非和V谓先后顺序

主动
V谓和V非同时发生 doing
V非先于V谓 having done
V谓先于V非 to do

Having finished(V非)our lessons, we went(V谓) to the cinema.

@@ would like sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事

@@ for + doing表示东西的用途:The knife is for cutting apples.

@@ to do表示某个动作的目的:I came here to see you.

@@ 不及物动词没有被动语态。只有主动语态

@@ be dressed in 穿着…

@@ have sth done ; get sb to do sth


If 是判断虚拟语气的标志词

虚拟语气表示说话人的愿望、假设、猜测或建议。

If he were here, he would help us. 如果他在这里,他会帮助我们的 [与现在事实相反]
If I had been free at that time, I would have visited you. 如果那时我有空的话,我就来拜访你了。[与过去事实相反]
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. 如果明天下雨的话,我们就不去野营。[与将来事实相反]

==if条件中的虚拟语气==[因为现实未发生] [要分清主从]

if -> 主将从现

判断是否为虚拟语气找关键词、找主从句、找时间状语时态对应、是否时态杂糅
如果没有now的表明现在时,就不要想太多啦[过,过]

if从句 主句
现在事实相反 did/were [wcms 厕所没水]
would/should/could/might + do(动词原形)
过去事实相反 had done would/should/could/might + have done
将来事实相反 did/were
to do
should do
would/should/could/might + do(动词原形)

如果我是电影明星,我就天天发自拍
If I were a movie star, I would post selfies every day.

如果昨天你听从了我的建议,你就不会犯错了
If you had followed my advice yesterday, you would have made a mistake.

如果我明天见到苏,我就要感谢她
If I met/were to meet/should meet Sue, I would thank her.

从句和主句不同时间[错综时间虚拟语气]

如果我早点出发(过),我现在就在他的演唱会上了(现)
If I had started earlier, I would be in his concert now.

==除if外的常考NO.1虚拟==

if如果不是主将从现 就是虚拟
it is necessary/strange/natural/important/impossible…that 46分钟

[]里的是名词 [坚持命贱的要求]

一个坚持 insist[insistence]
两个命令 order、command
三个建议 advise[advice]、suggest[suggestion]、recommend[recommendation]
四个要求 demand、require[requirement]、request、ask[desire]

suggest :
表明,暗示 陈述语气
建议 虚拟语气

主语 + (should) + do(动词原形)

这位母亲的要求是她在晚上九点之前回家。
Her mom’s requirement is that she**(should) go** home before 9p.m

==除if外的常考NO.2虚拟==

or, otherwise(否则), but, but that(要不是)等连词
but for(要不是;如果没有),without, with, under等介词或者介词短语

现在事实相反 did/were [wcms 厕所没水]
would/should/could/might + do(动词原形)
过去事实相反 had done would/should/could/might + have done

我昨晚很忙,否则我就和你看电影了。
I was very busy last night, or/otherwise I would have watched the movie with you.

==除if外的常考NO.3虚拟==

It is/was + 形容词 + that引导的主语从句
advisable(可取的,明智的),appropriate(适当的),desirable(想要的),essential(必需的),fundamental(基本的),important(重要的),necessary(必要的), proper(适当的, urgent(紧急的,急迫的), vital(至关重要的)等。

==It is/was + 形容词 + that + 主语 + (should) + do==
It is essential that we (should) sleep well.

==除if外的常考NO.4虚拟==

  1. 动词wish后面接宾语从句
    =主语 + wish + 一个句子(主谓宾/主系表)
现在事实相反 did/were
过去事实相反 have done
将来事实相反 would/could/might + do

我希望我当初能够追寻我的梦想
I wish I had chased my dream

我希望我能考上大学。
l wish l could go to college.

  1. would rather后面接宾语从句”宁愿,愿意”,从句应用虚拟语气,从句动谓语动词用过去式来表示现在或将来的假设。

我宁愿她明天来。
l would rather she came tomorrow.

==除if外的常考NO.5虚拟==

  1. ==as if / as though 后面接状语从句==
    = …as if + 一个句子(主谓宾/主系表)
    表示对现在情况的假设时,从句的谓语动词用过去式

他笑得好像得了一等奖一样开心。
He laughs as if/though he won the first prize.

  1. lest、for fear that, in case后面接状语从句“以防,万一,唯恐”
    从句的谓语动词要用 “should+动词原形“ 的形式
    ..lest、for fear that,in case + 一个句子

她喝了杯咖啡,以防自己睡着。
She drank a cup of coffee in case she should fall asleep.
lt is (high / about) time (that) sb did / should “该是某人做某事的时候”

It‘s important should do


铭升教育

情态动词

帮助谓语动词表达情感态度的词,相当于是助动词】

情态动词不能脱离谓语动词单独存在!!

不可以放在非谓语动词之前,去修饰非谓语

真正考虚拟 答案中看不出来什么 大多数都是时态语态
答案是情态动词may could should 考90%情态动词 10%考混合

dare[实义动词/情态动词] 可以跟to do / do => 过去式为dared

情态动词都有过去式

Can系列,May系列,Should/Must一系列

can (could) 表猜测/推测的 have to
may (might 表猜测/推测的)
shall (should 表猜测/推测的) ought to
will (would)
must 表猜测/推测的[不用于否定推测] be able to
dare (dared)
need used to

情态动词表推测;+have done表推测

情态动词并非取决于时态。of course态度强烈 you can

有信号词看语境 :你现在有很多花了,所以,你不需要花了

无信号词按照生活常识选择

情态动词+do[动词原形] 表一般推测(二万)Can

所有都可以用 + can万能陪葬王

==can,could用在肯定句中表示理论上的可能性,”经验之谈” [万能陪葬can] [can只能用于天下真理]
can,could用在疑问句中表推测,表示可能性
can,could用在否定句中表推测,翻译成”不可能“==

1.找情态动词空后是否为do!!![动词原形]

不是推测的[3个]就是真实的[该怎么怎么用]

might表推测

表示主观上的推测”可能、也许”,**不用于疑问句**

==can,could,may,might 用于否定句,前两者语气很强,后两者语气很弱。==

Must和Should

==must 和 should 表示肯定的推测!!==
==can,could,must,should用在肯定句==

说的事情让别人高兴 –> should (70%)
说的事情可能让别人不高兴 –> might


对已经发生的事情推测 情态动词 + had done [六个中去掉了一个should]

不是推测的 就是虚拟的

==May,might 全能 May系列是全能的
Can,could 否定,疑问[疑否]Can系列是疑否的
Must 肯定==

  1. 先看动作有没有过去[过去式] => have系列


非谓语动词[todo、doing、done[excite] (ing ed)]

分词done:动词含义的形容词
==直接跟在谓语动词作宾语时 只能有to dodoing== [写句子思维!]

动词可以做宾语
I want playing basketball

动词不定式:作主语、作宾语、作定语、作表语、作宾补、作状语

戴帽子没头还要用非谓语动词
How to get enough money is still is question.

动名词:含义是动词 词性是名词
作主语】==to do特指(大概率);ing泛指==
Arriving/To arrive指代不明确 at the station in time is a must

  • 动词不定式作主语

动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数
有时候为了保持句子平衡,常用==it==作形式主语,放在句首,而将作真实主语的动词不定式放到句末
How to get enough money is still a question
It is still a question how to get enough money

It is impossible for me to finish the work in a week.

不用todo 用doing

==It is no use/ good/ useless + doing…
It is a waste of time + doing…
It is fun + doing…==
It’s no use crying over spilt milk.(覆水难收)
There is no后+名词 joking about the matter.
It is fun playing with children.

It 句子是否为非谓语句子 看后面的是否带帽子 或者 todo doing done
当主语是一个动作时[一个],用单数
To be number one in my class is my dream

==permit/avoid/enjoy/appreciate/finish/include/keep/mind + doing sth==

be/get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事
be/get used to do sth 被用来做某事
used to do sth 过去常常做某事

+截图123

5). need doing = need to be done

小重点 ==doing(干了) to do(没干)==

remember/forget/regret + to do 动作尚未发生 【我遗憾的通知你未做你被开除了】
remember/forget/regret + doing 动作已经发生【我后悔离开了你了】

try + to do 设法、努力去做,尽力
try + doing 试试去做(看有何结果)

mean + to do 打算做(主语一般是人)
mean + doing 意味着(主语一般是物)

stop/go on + to do 停止下去做另外一件事 【换了一件事 做另外一件事】
stop/go on + doing 停止做手头的事情 【原来的一件事】

in spite of = despite(介词) + 名词/若是动词->动名词doing

would like to do sth. 想要做sth

@@ He forgot turning/having turned the light off and went back to have a check. 【忘记关过了灯】

动词不定式

放在be动词后作表语 看是否能乾坤大挪移
只有be动词可以乾坤大挪移

非谓语题型步骤
1.乾坤大挪移:谓语前后完全交换位置[句子语义不变]
2.前to后to 前do后do
3.==建议 目的 想法 打算 意图 观点 要做还没做、前面有动词 的 用 todo
如果是解释说明、阐述事实 的 用 doing==
4.若谓语前面是to do 后面 可能是do/to do
如果前面的to do是动词不定式 那么 后面就是 to do
如果前面的to 是短语中的介词,那么 后面就是 do

==挪动:to do、doing== 前面若有动词do 后面就to do [is前面有do时 要用to do]
挪不动:done

To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people [可前后交换]

主句动词不定式开头,表语也不定式开头
==前to后to 前do后do==

==建议 目的 想法 打算 意图 观点 要做还没做 的 用 todo
如果是解释说明、阐述事实 的 用 doing==

分词[链接上]

==只要不能乾坤大挪移就用分词
ing修饰物 ed修饰人==
不是be动词[连系动词] 清一色用分词[to do;doing]

The film is disappointing. 挪不动 ing修饰物 ed修饰人

宾语补足语[主句是宾语]

动词不定式to do 和 分词 ing动名词、分词 / ed
使役类动词 + 感官类动词身体上产生的动词 可以用to do、doing、ed【均可】,其他全是to do

see/watch/notice/observe/look at/listen to/feel/==make/let/have==使役类 后面均可其的都是 to do
==感官类/使役类动词 后面是sth 直接接done==[5%几率 除非文中告诉正在做]
I have had my bick stolen

当用成不定式的时候后面的to 前面是主动的to可以被省略

自然界里的东西都是主动的!!!

主动:to do、ing 被动且完成:ed

要做没做、习惯性的做:to do [可被动] => to be done [要被做] 95%情况下都是done
正在做:doing [可被动]、 being done [正在被做用]
被动或且完成:done
主动完成:to do 【不考虑ed、考虑todo 和 doing

】==感官/使役 变成 被动时态时候 要带to的形式==[小心是不是宾语补足语 是的话与宾语有关]
Was he noticed ==to== leave the house?

作宾语补足语 ==find leave get keep 三个都可以跟,但跟todo后面的to不能省略==

☆☆ make oneself ==done== ☆☆

==【截图…补充】==
be devoted to 被动表主动
be oneself devoted to 主动表主动


一句一谓,两句一连,无连带帽,不带帽变太监

后置定语只能放在名词后面变成to do【2个或者两个以上】
非谓语动词做定语 如果只有一个词的时候可以放在名词的前面
动名词ing,分词ed/ing,放在前面;放在后面 动词不定式,超过一个词的动名词和分词

如果动词有实际含义的词[笑、哭、走、跑]它就会有正在做的ing[主动或且正在进行] 被做的ed[被动或且完成时]
被动完成/主动完成 变成了两个词 变长了 放在后面 => 那个小男孩正在被打 [The little boy is being beaten]
抽象概念[鼓励、厌烦…]做定语 => ing修饰物,ed修饰人

后置的要超过两个词,≥2个词,后置后逻辑主语是名词。
==要做没做to do 正在做doing 被动完成 done 习惯做 to do 习惯性做to do==

动词不定式作定语

He was the last one (to leave school) yesterday. 主动离开学校
We have much homework to do everyday. ==Have sth to do…==

lie
撒谎 lied lied lying
平躺 lay lain lying
lay
下蛋, 产子 laid laid laying
平放 laid laid laying

非谓语动词放在名词后面时 95%考的是它的定语从句
能做宾语的 不是 to do 就是 ing

非谓语的时态语态

[非谓语的时态语态和谓语的时态语态没有关系]只跟谓语动词的动词有关,跟谓语动词的先后有关[与时态无关]

done被动不强调V非和V谓先后顺序

主动
V谓和V非同时发生 ☆&★ doing
V非先于V谓 having done
V谓皇上先于V非太监、几乎同时发生 to do

to do谓语 -> to be doing非谓语
have done谓语 -> to have done非谓语

有be动词加be done
to do ==> to be done
to be doing
to have done ==> to have been done

==否定式谓语直接助动词加not==
==非谓语 要在完整的非谓语之前加not==

not to have veen done
not to be done


感官动词/使役动词 要看是否为宾语补足语 [to可以省略]

不定式时态

一般式(to do) 不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时,用一般式【要干啥】

进行式(to be doing) 不定式的进行时表示正在进行的动作,和谓语动词所表示的动词同时进行【在干啥】
@@ I am very glad to be working with you.
@@ He pretended to be reading when his mother rush in the room

完成时(to have done) 不定式的完成时表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生
@@ I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long
@@ You seemed to have read the novel wittern被写 by PCY.【读 在 写 之前】
@@ Robert is said A abroad, but I done’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
根据前面 已经读了A/C, 根据后面 完成的不是现在而是过去


动名词时态

进行时的原型:be doing => 没有进行时[being doing]
进行时被动: doing => (not) being done

完成时的原型:have done => 进行时[having done]
完成时被动: having done => (not) having been done
ed 分词 => done

① so…as to…
② such(…) as to…
③ enough to…
④ too… to


==名词的复合结构 ‘s==(90%答案选项):出现形容词性物主代词[加了个人],为了强调那个动作是谁做的

名词前 动名词前 明确给出一个人告诉你动名词动作是谁做的 => 名词的复合结构

你介意吸烟吗 => [我吸烟]为了告诉你动作是谁的 => Do you mind my我的 smoking?
你介意我看你试卷吗 => Do you mind my我看 reading your paper? [后面动作是我的 所以用形容词性物主代词]
I’m sure of himhis coming on time.

形容词性物主代词/名词所有格 + 名词